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Buddhism is a religion and philosophy based on the teaching of Gautam Buddha.

Life of Gautam Buddha

Gautam Buddha was born in 563 BC in a Sakya Kshatriya family at lumbini near Kapilvastu in Nepal.
His father Sudhodhan was the elected ruling chief of Kapilvastu.
His mother Mayadevi/Mahamaya was a princess of Koshalan dynasty.
The childhood name of Gautam Buddha was Siddharta.
His mother died after seven days of his birth and he was looking after by his step mother Gautami Prajapati and siddharth become Gautam after that.
At the age of 16 he was married with Yasodhara.
He had a son named Rahula.
He left his home secretly at the age of 29 and embraced the life of a wondering hermit, this act in buddhism is known as Mahavinishkraman or Renuneration.
Gautam Buddha learnt sankhya philosophy from Arada Kalama at Vaisali and the meditation from Rudraka Ramputra at Rajgriha.
Gautam Buddha sat in meditation under a pipal tree on the bank of the river Niranjana.
The place where he attained enlightenment is called Bodh Gaya, and the pipal tree is known as Bodhibriksha.
Gautam Buddha Died at the age of 80 in 483 BC at Kusinagar Village in Uttar Pradesh. This incident is known as Mahaparinirvana.

Teaching of Gautam Buddha

After enlightenment Gautam Buddha’s first sermon was preached at the Deer Park at Sarnath before the first five disciples. Thus we can say Buddhism started from Sarnath and this episode is known as Dharmachakraparivartana.
He gave his discourse in Prakrit or Pali language.
His primary aim was to secure deliverance from the grim reality of sorrows and sufferings, so pronounced the four noble truth.

For the extinction of desire Buddha outlined the Eight fold Pathand it consists:-

This eight-fold path is also known as Middle Path or Majjhima Patha as it avoids extremes of luxury and hardship.

Buddhist Councils:-

Council	Year	Venue	Chairman	Royal patron	Development
1st	483BC	Saptaparni cave Rajgriha	Mahakasyapa	Ajatshatru	Compilaton of Sutta Pitaka and vinay pitaka.
2nd	383BC	Vaishali	Sabakami	Kalasoka	Monks were split into Sthaviravada and Maha Sanghika.
3rd	250BC	Patliputra	Mogaliputta Tissa	Ashoka	Compilation of Abhidamma Pitaka
4th	72 AD	Kundalvan Kashmir	Vasumitra & Ashwaghosha	Kanishka	Division of Buddhism into Hinyana and Mahayana.

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The most important festival of Buddhist is Buddha Purnima of Vaishakha Purnima.
Ashoka and Kanishka made Buddhism a state religion and spread it to Central Asia, West Asia and Sri Lanka.
Pali Language is used in Buddhism to explain the doctrines.
The followers of Buddhism is known as Upasikas.
Pavarna or Upavastha was the ceremony when buddhist monks met to confess their Offences.
One who attained the truth is known as Tathagatha.
The most important mantra of the Vajrayana is OM MANI PADME HUM.
Buddhism was divided into three main sects namely:-

They believed that salvation could be best attained by acquiring the magical power, which they called Vajra.
The Chief divinity of this new sect was Tara.
It became popular particularly in Bengal and Bihar.

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The Sutta Pitaka is a collection of Buddha’s sermons and is divided into five groups namely:-

The Vinaya Pitaka contains the rules and regulations of monastic discipiline for the monks. It is divided into five groups namely:-

The Abhidhamma Pitaka contains profound Philosphine of the Buddha’s Teachings.

The jatakas were a collection of over 500 poems, which describe the previous births of the Buddha.
Milind Panho has the discussion between Menander and the Buddhist Monk Nagasena.
Buddhist Images began to be first made by Mathura School of Art.

Ans- Kapilvastu in Nepal.

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