Astonishing River System of India

Astonishing River System of India

On the basis of Source of Rivers, River System of India is divided into two parts:- Himalayan River System & Peninsular River System.

Himalayan River system of India is further divided into three parts on the three major Rivers of India. These Rivers are also called Antecedent Rivers, they are- Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra.

Indus River System

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• The origin of Indus River is in Tibet near Mansarovar Lake in China.
• From Origin to Destination Indus river crosses three Countries.
• The length of the Indus river is 3180 km.
• It is the longest river in Pakistan.
• It is the National river of Pakistan.
• The total Drainage area of Indus river is- 1165000 km².
• The annual flow of water in this river is 243 km³.
• The major Tributaries of Indus Rivers are- Satluj, Beas, Chenab, Ravi and Jhelum.
• The combined form of all these five tributaries is known as Panjnad.
• The meeting point of the Panjnad and Indus river is Mithankot in Pakistan.
• Chenab is the largest tributary of the Indus River.
• Chenab River originates from Baralacha La pass in Himachal Pradesh.
• Satluj River originates from Rakas lake in Mansarovar Tibet.
• Jhelum River originates from Verinag in Kashmir.
• Bhakra Nangal Dam is located on Jhelum river in India.
• Beas & Ravi Rivers originate from Rohtang Pass in Himachal Pradesh.
• Indus Water treaty was signed between India and Pakistan on 19 Sep 1960, according to this treaty, 80% of the water of Indus and its tributaries are used by Pakistan and rest 20% by India.

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The Ganges River System

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Ganga River

• The Origin of The Ganges is Gangotari Glacier in Uttarakhand.
• The Name of Ganga at the origin place is Bhagirathi.
• Bhagirathi is called Ganga from Devprayag where Alaknanda river merge with Bhagirathi in Uttarakhand.
• The origin of Alaknanda is Satoanth Glacier in Badrinath.
• From origin to destination Ganga river crosses five states of India they are:- Uttarakhand, UP, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal.
• Ganga is the national river of India.
• The length of Ganga from origin to destination in India is 2525 km.
• Gangetic Dolphin is the national aquatic animal of India.
• Ganga river enters into Plain area at Haridwar.
• Ganga divided into two parts at Farakka in West Bengal.
• First part flows in Bangladesh with name Padma.
• Second part flows from West Bengal with name Hooghly.
• Farakka Barrage is the easternmost point of India and border of India and Bangladesh where the name of Ganga changes to the Padma.
• Jamuna is the largest distributary of the Brahmaputra in Bangladesh.
• Padma river in Bangladesh made estuary in the Bay of Bengal.
• Hoogly river enters into the Bay of Bengal at Sagar Island.
• Hooghly river made the largest river Delta of the world known as Sundarban.
• Sundarban is the home of Royal Bengal Tiger.
• Sundarban is named by the Sundari tree found in this area.
• The major left side tributaries of Ganga are- Ramganga, Gomti, Ghaghra, Gandak, Koshi & Mahananda
• The Yamuna, Tamas, Punpun and Son are the four major right-side tributaries of Ganga.

Left Side Tributaries of Ganga

Ramganga

• It originates from Dudhatoli range in Uttarakhand.
• Ancient Name of Ramganga is Rathvahini.
• It flows through Jim Corbet National Park.
• It merge with Ganga at Fatehgarh district in Uttar Pradesh.

Gomti River

• Gomti River originates from Gomat Taal in Pilphit district in Uttar Pradesh.
• It merges with Ganga in Varanasi Uttar Pradesh.

Ghaghra River

• It Originates from Mansarovar Lake in Tibet.
• It merges with Ganga in Ravelgunj in Bihar.
• It is the longest river of Nepal with length 507 km.
• It is the largest tributary of Ganga.

Gandak River

• It originates from Nhubine Himal Glacier in Nepal.
• It merges with Ganga in Sonpur Bihar.

Koshi River

• it originates from the border of Nepal and Tibet.
• It merges with Ganga near Kursela in Katihar District.
• This river is known as Sorrow of Bihar.

Mahananda River

• Mahananda River originates from Darjeeling Hills.
• It merges with the Padma at Godagiri, Nawabganj district in Bangladesh.
• The length of this river is 360 km.

Right Side Tributaries of Ganga

Yamuna River

• The Yamuna originates from Yamunotri Glacier in Uttarakhand.
• Yamuna meets Ganga at Allahabad/Prayagraj.
• Tributaries of Yamuna river are Chambal, Sindh, Betwa, Ken, Tons.
• Chambal river originates from Singar chouri peak in Indore.
• Chambal Valley project inaugurated in 1954 by the joint venture of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh Govt.
• There are three Dams in the Chambal Valley project they are:- Gandhi Sagar Dam, Rana Pratap Sagar Dam and Jawahar sagar Dam.
• Gandhi Sagar Dam was made in 1960 and located in Mandsaur at the border of Rajasthan and MP.
• Rana Pratap sagar Dam was made in 1970 and located at Rawatbhata Chittorgarh Rajasthan.
• Jawahar Sagar Dam was made in 1972 and located at Kota in Rajasthan.
• Sindh river originates from Malwa Plateau in Madhya Pradesh.
• Tons river is the largest tributary of Yamuna originates from Bandarpoonch mountain in Uttarakhand.
• Betwa river originates from Vindhya range in Hoshangabad in Madhya Pradesh.
• Ken River originates from Vindhya range in Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh.
• Ken-Betwa river project is India’s first interstate river interlinking project

Tamas River

• The origin of Tamas river is Kaimur range in Madhya Pradesh.
• It merge in Ganga river at Sirsa in Uttar Pradesh.
• The total length of Tamas river is 264 km.

Sone River

• The source of Sone river is Amarkantak plateau in Madhya Pradesh.
• It merges with Ganga in Patna Bihar.

PunPun River

• This river originates from Plamu district in Chota Nagpur Plateau in Jharkhand.
• It merge with Ganga at Fatuha near Patna in Bihar.

Brahmaputra River System

• The origin of Brahmaputra river is Angsi Glacier in Mansarovar lake in Tibet.
• The name of this river is Yarlung Tsangpo.
• The length of this river is 3969 km. (In NCERT-2880 km).
• From Namcha Barwa Canyon it enters into Arunachal Pradesh in India.
• In Arunachal Pradesh its name is Siang river.
• In Assam its name is Luit.
• Brahmaputra river makes the largest river island in the world name as Majuli Island.
• From Garo Hills in Assam it enters into Bangladesh.
• The two distributeries of Brahmaputra river are Jamuna and Old Brahmaputra in Bangladesh.
• The major left side tributaries of this river are Dibang, Lohit, Dihing, Kopili.
• The major Right side tribueries of this river are Subansiri, Kameng, Manas, Teesta.
• Subansiri river is known as Gold river due to gold dust found in it.
• Kaziranga national park is located near Kameng river in Assam.
• Teesta river is known as the Lifeline of Sikkim.

peninsular River System of India

• Peninsular rivers are generally seasonal rivers.
• Peninsular Rivers are divided into two parts:- Towards the Arabian Sea & Towards Bay of Bengal.
• Major west-flowing rivers of this system are:- Narmada, Tapi, Mahi & Sabarmati and enter into the sea through the Gulf of Khambhat.
• The origin of Sabarmati river is in Aravali range in Rajasthan.
• Narmada river originates from Amarkantak Peak of Madhya Pradesh.
• Narmada is the largest West flowing river of Peninsular.
• The length of this river is 1310 KM.
• Narmada river forms Dhuandhar falls in Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh.
• Sardar Sarovar and Indira sagar Dam are located on Narmada river.
• The origin of Tapi river is Satpura range in Madhya Pradesh.
• The dams located on Tapi rivers are Ukai dam in Gujrat, Hathnur & Girna Dam in Maharashtra.
• Tapi river is also known as “Twin of Narmada”.
• The origin of Mahi river is Vindhya range in Madhya Pradesh.
• Important Dams on Mahi river are Bajaj Sagar dam & Kadana Dam in Rajasthan.
• Luni is the largest river of Indian desert i.e Thar desert.
• The origin of Luni river is Pushker Valley in Ajmer.
• Luni is the only river in India which has salty water.
• Luni is the only river which never enters into the sea it vanishes in the Rann of Kutch.
• Major East flowing rivers of Peninsular river system are:- Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna & Kaveri
• The origin of Mahanadi is Sihawa mountain in Chattisgarh.
• It flows through Chattisgarh and Odhisa with 851 km length.
• The longest earthern dam of the world Hirakud Dam is located on Mahanadi river in Odhisha.
• Mahanadi was called the sorrow of Odhisa.
• Godavari is known as Dakshin Ganga.
• The origin of this river is Nashik in Maharashtra.
• The length of this river is 1465 km.
• The origin of Krishna river in Mahabaleshwar in Maharashtra.
• The length of this river is 1401 km.
• Vijayawada is the largest city located on this river in Andhra Pradesh.
• The origin of Kaveri river is Brahmagiri range in Karnataka.
• Shivsamudram Falls located on Kaveri river.